I would like thank my God for blessing me with strength and coherent guide in the writing of this thesis.
I would also like to thank Dr. Rami Maher, for making this research possible. His support, instruction, and advice throughout the research project, as well as his painstaking effort in proof reading the drafts are greatly appreciated. Indeed, without his guidance I would not be able to build up the topic opinions. Lots of thanks to my parents for allowing me to realize my own potential; all the support they have provided me over the years was the greatest gift anyone has ever given me.